Gasoline FAQ
Contents:
1. Modern Petroleum Technology - 5th edition.
Editor, G.D.Hobson.
Wiley. ISBN 0 471 262498 (1984).
- Chapter 1. G.D.Hobson.<>
2. Hydrocarbons from Fossil Fuels and their Relationship with Living
Organisms.
I.R.Hills, G.W.Smith, and E.V.Whitehead.
J.Inst.Petrol., v.56 .127-137 (May 1970).<>
3. Reference 1.
- Chapter 9. R.E.Banks and .J.King.<>
4. Petroleum Formation and Occurance
B..Tissot and D.H.Welte
Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0 387 08698 0 (1978)
- Chapter 1.<>
5. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry - 5th edition.
Editor, B.Elvers.
VCH. ISBN 3-527-20123-8 (1993).
- Volume A23. Resources of Oil and Gas.<>
6. BP Statistical Review of World Energy - June 1994.
- Proved Reserves at end 1993. .2.<>
6a. How Technology has Confounded US Gas Resource Estimators
W.L.Fisher
Oil & Gas J. 24 October 1994
7. 1995 National Assessment of U.S. Oil and Gas Resources.
U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1118
U.S. Geological Survey Information Services
.O. Box 25286, Federal Center
Denver, CO 80225<>
8. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - 4th edition.
Editor M.Howe-Grant.
Wiley. ISBN 0-471-52681-9 (1993-)
- Volume 1. Alcohol Fuels.<>
9. Midgley: Saint or Serpent?.
G.B.Kauffman.
Chemtech, December 1989. .717-725.<>
10. ?
T.Midgley Jr., T.A.Boyd.
Ind. Eng. Chem., v.14 .589,849,894 (1922).
11. Measurement of the Knock Characteristics of Gasoline in terms of a
Standard Fuel.
G. Edgar.
Ind. Eng. Chem., v.19 .145-146 (1927).
12. How Gasoline Has Changed
L.M.Gibbs
SAE 932828 (1993)<>
13. Gasoline Additives
L.M.Gibbs
SAE 902104 (1990)<>
14. The Effect of the Molecular Structure of Fuels on the Power and
Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines.
C.F.Kettering.
Ind. Eng. Chem., v.36 .1079-1085 (1944).<>
15. Experiments with MTBE-100 as an Automobile Fuel.
K.Springer, L.Smith.
Tenth International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels.
- Proceedings, v.1 .53 (1993).<>
16. Encyclopedia of Energy Technology and the Environment
John Wiley and Sons (1995)
- Transportation Fuels - Automotive Gasoline
L.M.Gibbs .2675-2698
17. Oxygenates for Reformulated Gasolines.
W.J.Piel, R.X.Thomas.
Hydrocarbon Processing, July 1990. .68-73.<>
18. Initial Mass Exhaust Emissions from Reformulated Gasolines
Technical Bulletin No.1 (December 1990)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program
Coordinating Research Council Inc.
219 Perimeter Center Parkway, Suite 400.
Atlanta, Georgia 30346-1301
19. Mass Exhaust Emissions Results from Reformulated Gasolines
Technical Bulletin No.4 (May 1991)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program <>
20. Exhaust Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants using RFGs
Technical Bulletin No.5 (June 1991)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program <>
21. The Chemical Kinetics of Engine Knock.
C.K.Westbrook, W.J. Pitz.
Energy and Technology Review, Feb/Mar 1991. .1-13. <>
22. The Chemistry Behind Engine Knock.
C.K.Westbrook.
Chemistry & Industry (UK), 3 August 1992. .562-566.
23. A New Look at High Compression Engines.
D.F.Caris and E.E.Nelson.
SAE Paper 812A. (1958).<>
24. Problem + Research + Capital = Progress
T.Midgley,Jr.
Ind. Eng. Chem., v.31 .504-506 (1939). <>
25. Dying for Work: Workers' Safety and Health in 20th Century America.
Edited by D.Rosner & G.Markowitz.
Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31825-4 (1987).
26. Tetraethyl Lead Poison Hazards
T.Midgley,Jr.
Ind. Eng. Chem., v.17 .827-828 (1925). <>
27. Reference 1.
- Chapter 20. K.Owen.<>
28. Automotive Fuels Reference Book - 2nd edition
K.Owen and T.Coley
SAE. ISBN 1-56091-589-7 (1995) <>
29. Role of Lead Antiknocks in Modern Gasolines.
A.J.Pahnke and W.E.Bettoney
SAE Paper 710842 (1971) 32pp.<>
30. Automotive Gasolines - Recommended Practice
SAE J312 Jan93.
- Section 3.
SAE Handbook, volume 1. ISBN 1-56091-461-0 (1994).<>
31. EPA told not to ban Ethyl's fuel additive
M.Reisch
Chemical & Engineering News, 24 April 1995 .8.<>
32. Reference 8.
- Volume 12. Gasoline and Other Motor Fuels
33. The Science of Petroleum. Oxford Uni. Press (1938).
Various editors.
Section 11. Anti-knock Compounds. v.4. .3024-3029.
G. Calingaert.<>
34. Refiners have options to deal with reformulated gasoline.
G.Yepsin and T.Witoshkin.
Oil & Gas Journal, 8 April 1991. .68-71.<>
35. Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratios of Automotive Fuels - Recommended
Practice.
SAE J1829 May92.
SAE Handbook, volume 1. ISBN 1-56091-461-0 (1994).
36. Chemical Engineers' Handbook - 5th edition
R.H.Perry and C.H.Chilton.
McGraw-Hill. ISBN 07-049478-9 (1973)
- Chapter 3.<>
37. Alternative Fuels
E.M.Goodger.
MacMillan. ISBN 0-333-25813-4 (1980)
- Appendix 4. <>
38. Automotive Gasolines - Recommended Practice.
SAE J312 Jan93.
SAE Handbook, volume 1. ISBN 1-56091-461-0 (1994).<>
39. Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.
ASTM D 4814-94d.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, v.05.03. ISBN 0-8031-2218-7 (1995).<>
40. Criteria for Quality of Petroleum Products.
Editor, J.. Allinson.
Applied Science. ISBN 0 85334 469 8
- Chapter 5. K.A.Boldt and S.T.Griffiths.<>
41. Research Report on Reformulated Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
ASTM RR: D02-1347 ( December 1994 )
ASTM 1916 Race Street Philadelphia, PA 190103-1187 <>
42. Federal Reformulated Gasoline
Chevron Technical Bulletin FTB 4 (1994)<>
43. Meeting the challenge of reformulated gasoline.
R.J. Schmidt, .L.Bogdan, and N.L.Gilsdorf.
Chemtech, February 1993. .41-42.<>
44. The Relationship between Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Hydrocarbon
Emissions: A Review of Current Studies and Future Research Needs.
D. Schuetzle, W.O.Siegl, T.E.Jensen, M.A.Dearth, E.W.Kaiser, R.Gorse,
W.Kreucher, and E.Kulik.
Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements v.102 s.4 .3-12. (1994) <>
45. Reference 37.
- Chapter 5.<>
46. Intake Valve Deposits: engines, fuels and additive effects
Automotive Engineering, January 1989. .49-53.<>
47. Intake Valve Deposits' Impact on emissions.
Automotive Engineering, February 1993. .25-29. <>
48. Deposit Control Additives for Future Gasolines - A Global Perspective
R.J.Peyla
- paper presented at the 27th International Symposium on
Advanced Transportation Applications.
Aachen, Germany. October 31 - November 4, 1994. <>
49. Texaco to introduce clean burning gasoline.
Oil & Gas Journal, 28 February 1994. .22-23.
50. Additives to have key role in new gasoline era.
R.J.Peyla
Oil & Gas Journal, 11 February 1991. .53-57.
51. Gasoline Ads Canceled: Lack of Truth Cited
C.Solomon
Wall Street Journal, Section 2, .1 (21 July 1994) <>
52. Knocking Characteristics of Pure Hydrocarbons.
ASTM STP 225. (1958)<>
53. Health Effects of Gasoline.
Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements v.101. s.6 (1993)<>
54. Odor and Health Complaints with Alaskan Gasolines.
S.L.Smith, L.K.Duffy.
Chemical Health & Safety, May/June 1995. .32-38.<>
55. Speciated Measurements and Calculated Reactivities of Vehicle Exhaust
Emissions from Conventional and Reformulated Gasolines.
S.K.Hoekman.
Environ. Sci. Technol., v.26 .1206-1216 (1992).<>
56. Effect of Fuel Structure on Emissions from a Spark-Ignited Engine.
2. Naphthene and Aromatic Fuels.
E.W.Kaiser, W.O.Siegl, D.F.Cotton, R.W.Anderson.
Environ. Sci. Technol., v.26 .1581-1586 (1992). <>
57. Determination of PCDDs and PCDFs in Car Exhaust.
A.G.Bingham, C.J.Edmunds, B.W.L.Graham, and M.T.Jones.
Chemosphere, v.19 .669-673 (1989).<>
58. Effects of Fuel Sulfur Levels on Mass Exhaust Emissions.
Technical Bulletin No.2 (February 1991)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program<>
59. Effects of Fuel Sulfur on Mass Exhaust Emissions, Air Toxics, and
Reactivity.
Technical Bulletin No.8 (February 1992)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program<>
60. Emissions Results of Oxygenated Gasolines and Changes in RVP
Technical Bulletin No.6 (September 1991)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program<>
61. Reactivity Estimates for RFGs and MeOH/Gasoline Mixtures
Technical Bulletin No.12 (June 1993)
Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program<>
62. A New Formula for Fighting Urban Ozone.
T.Reichhardt.
Environ. Sci. Technol., v.29 n.1 .36A-41A (1995).<>
63. Volatile Organic Compounds: Ozone Formation, Alternative Fuels and
Toxics.
B.J.Finlayson-Pitts and J.N.Pitts Jr..
Chemistry and Industry (UK), 18 October 1993. .796-800.<>
64. The rise and rise of global warming.
R.Matthews.
New Scientist, 26 November 1994. .6. <>
65. Studies Say - Tentatively - That Greenhouse warming is here.
R.A.Kerr
Science, v.268. .1567-1568. (1995)<>
66. Energy-related Carbon Dixode Emissions per Capita for OECD Countries
during 1990.
International Energy Agency. (1993)<>
67. Market Data Book - 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995 editions.
Automobile News
- various tables<>
68. BP Statistical Review of World Energy - June 1994.
- Crude oil consumption .7. <>
69. Automotive Gasolines - Recommended Practice
SAE J312 Jan93.
- Section 4
SAE Handbook, volume 1. ISBN 1-56091-461-0 (1994). <>
70. The Rise and Fall of Lead in Petrol.
I.D.G.Berwick
Phys. Technol., v.18 .158-164 (1987)<>
71. Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Metals: Environmental and Occupational
Occurance and Exposure.
Edited by L.Fishbein, A.Furst, M.A.Mehlman.
Princetown Scientific Publishing. ISBN 0-911131-11-6 (1987)
"Lead" .211-243.<>
72. E.C. seeks gasoline emission control.
Hydrocarbon Processing, September 1990. .43.<>
73. Health Effects of Gasoline Exposure. I. Exposure assessment for U.S.
Distribution Workers.
T.J.Smith, S.K.Hammond, and O.Wong.
Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements. v.101 s.6 .13 (1993) <>
74. Atmospheric Chemistry of Tropospheric Ozone Formation: Scientific and
Regulatory Implications.
B.J.Finlayson-Pitts and J.N.Pitts, Jr.
Air & Waste, v.43 .1091-1100 (1993).<>
75. Trends in Auto Emissions and Gasoline Composition.
R.F.Sawyer
Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements. v.101 s.6 .5 (1993) <>
76. Reference 8.
- Volume 9. Exhaust Control, Automotive.<>
77. Achieving Acceptable Air Quality: Some Reflections on Controlling
Vehicle Emissions.
J.G.Calvert, J.B.Heywood, R.F.Sawyer, J.H.Seinfeld
Science v261 p37-45 (1993).<>
78. Radiometric Determination of Platinum and Palladium attrition from
Automotive Catalysts.
R.F.Hill and W.J.Mayer.
IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., NS-24, .2549-2554 (1977).<>
79. Determination of Platinum Emissions from a three-way
catalyst-equipped Gasoline Engine.
H..Konig, R.F.Hertel, W.Koch and G.Rosner.
Atmospheric Environment, v.26A .741-745 (1992).<>
80. Alternative Automotive Fuels - SAE Information Report.
SAE J1297 Mar93.
SAE Handbook, volume 1. ISBN 1-56091-461-0 (1994).<>
81. Lean-burn Catalyst offers market boom.
New Scientist, 17 July 1993. .20.<>
82. Catalysts in cars.
K.T.Taylor.
Chemtech, September 1990. .551-555.<>
83. Advanced Batteries for electric vehicles.
G.L.Henriksen, W.H.DeLuca, D.R.Vissers.
Chemtech, November 1994. .32-38.<>
84. The great battery barrier.
IEEE Spectrum, November 1992. .97-101.<>
85. Improving Automobile Efficiency
J.DeCicco, M.Ross
Scientific American, December 1994. .30-35.<>
86. Use market forces to reduce auto pollution.
W.Harrington, M.A.Walls, V.McConnell.
Chemtech, May 1995. .55-60.<>
87. Exposure of the general Population to Gasoline.
G.G.Akland
Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements. v.101 s.6 .27-32 (1993)<>
88. Court Ruling Spurs Continued Debate Over Gasoline Oxygenates.
G.Peaff.
Chemical & Engineering News, 26 September 1994. .8-13. <>
89. Court Voids EPA rule on ethanol use in Fuel
Chemical & Engineering News, 8 May 1995. .7-8.<>
90. The Application of Formaldehyde Emission Measurement to the
Calibration of Engines using Methanol as a Fuel.
.Waring, D.C.Kappatos, M.Galvin, B.Hamilton, and A.Joe.
Sixth International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels.
- Proceedings, v.2 .53-60 (1984).<>
91. Emissions from 200,000 vehicles: a remote sensing study.
.L.Guenther, G.A.Bishop, J.E.Peterson, D.H.Stedman.
Sci. Total Environ., v.146/147 .297-302 (1994)